Role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention / 中国中药杂志

Diabetic kidney disease is an important microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Its pathological characteristics mainly include epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT) in glomerulus, podocyte apoptosis and autophagy, and damage of glomerular filtration barrier. Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway is specifically regulated by a variety of mechanisms, and is a classic pathway involved in physiological activities such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation. At present, many studies have found that TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease for its multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts, traditional Chinese medicines and traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription improve the renal injury of diabetic kidney disease by regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. This study clarified the mechanism of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in diabetic kidney disease by expounding the relationship between the key targets of the pathway and diabetic kidney disease, and summarized the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease by interfering with TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in recent years, to provide reference for drug research and clinical treatment of diabetic kidney disease in the future.

Organ specific differences in alteration of aquaporin expression in rats treated with sennoside A, senna anthraquinones and rhubarb anthraquinones / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Senna and rhubarb are classified as stimulative laxatives, and known to have similar effec?tive constituents, the anthraquinones. Being protected by theβ-glucoside bond, the anthraquinones can reach the intes?tines where they are degraded into complex metabolites by enzymes secreted from the intestinal microbiome. It is these complex metabolites that produce the laxative effects. Then the similarities and differences of action between the anthra?quinones require further elucidation. METHODS Here, we studied metabolites of senna anthraquinones (SAQ), rhubarb anthraquinones (RAQ) and their chemical marker, sennoside A (SA), in a rat diarrhea model. In the in vitro biotransfor?mation experiments, SAQ, RAQ and SA were incubated with rat fecal flora solution and the metabolites produced were analyzed using HPLC. In the in vivo studies, the same compounds were investigated for purgation induction, with mea?surement of histopathology and multiple aquaporins (Aqps) gene expression in six organs. RESULTS SAQ and RAQ had similar principal constituents but could be degraded into different metabolites. A similar profile of Aqps down-regula?tion for all compounds was seen in the colon, suggesting a similar mechanism of action for purgation. However, in the kidneys and livers of the diarrhea-rats, down-regulation of Aqps was found in the RAQ-rats whereas up-regulation of Aqps was seen in the SAQ-rats. Furthermore, the RAQ-rats showed lower aquaporin 2 (Aqp2) protein expression in the kidneys, whilst the SA-rats and SAQ-rats had higher Aqp2 protein expression in the kidneys. This may have implications for side effects of SAQ or RAQ in patients with chronic kidney or liver diseases. CONCLUSION SAQ and RAQ showed similar laxative actions with a similar mechanism, they could display different actions in rat kidneys and livers. We suggest that the clinical usage of senna or rhubarb products should be clarified for patients having chronic kidney or liver diseases.

Clinical effect of P50 EX-PRESS drainage nail combined with biological amniotic membrane implantation in the treatment of POAG / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To probe into the treatment effects of P50 EX-PRESS drainage nail combined with biological amniotic membrane implantation in primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).<p>METHODS: Totally 96 cases of 96 eyes with POAG and who treated from March 2013 to January 2019 were selected as the research objects, and the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by the random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The control group was implanted with P50 EX-PRESS drainage nail only, while the observation group were treated with biological amniotic membrane implantation on the basis of the control group. Then, the changes of intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber thickness(RNFLT), complications and success rate of operation before operation and after the operation for 7d, 1mo and 3mo of two groups of patients were observed.<p>RESULTS: The proportion of functional filtering blebs after operation for 3mo in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). There was no difference in preoperative intraocular pressure and RNFLT between the two groups(<i>P</i>>0.05). The intraocular pressure and RNFLT after operation for 7d, 1mo and 3mo in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The incidence of complications in the observation group and the control group were 12% and 25% respectively(<i>P</i>>0.05). The success rates of operation in observation group and control group were 96% and 75% respectively(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:The application of P50 EX-PRESS drainage nail combined with biological amniotic membrane implantation for POAG, which the clinical effects are satisfactory, and which can improve the condition of filtering blebs, reduce intraocular pressure and RNFLT, thus it has good safety and high success rate.

In vitro simulation experimental study of a fully magnetically levitated ventricular assist device based on mock circulatory system / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the circulatory supporting effect of the third generation fully magnetically levitated China Heart ventricular assist device (CH-VAD) under heart failure (HF) condition. Methods An in vitro mock circulatory system (MCS) was developed. This system could simulate a healthy adult under resting state and a patient with heart failure, and incorporate the CH-VAD to evaluate the assisting performance under continuous flow mode. Furthermore, CH-VAD was equipped with a pulsatile flow controller and its initial performance was accessed. The pulsatile mode was obtained by using sinusoidal velocity waveform of the pump which synchronized the CH-VAD with the ventricle simulator of the MCS. Results CH-VAD under continuous flow mode could recover the hemodynamic parameters (arterial pressure and cardiac output) under HF condition to normal range. Preliminary pulsatile test results showed that amplitude of current pulse speed had a minor influence on the hemodynamic performance. CH-VAD under continuous flow and pulsatile flow mode could obtain comparable mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure and mean flow. Conclusions CH-VAD can generate a certain degree of speed pulse via appropriate pulsatility control, so as to provide sufficient support on ventricular function. Further optimization on pulsatile controller of CH-VAD is required to conform to natural physiology. The developed MCS can be utilized as an effective and controllable in vitro platform for design, optimization and verification of VADs or other mechanical circulatory support devices.

Analysis of the Utilization of Essential Medicines of TCM Preparations in 21 Hospitals of Yancheng Area in Jiangsu Province during 2015-2016 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of essential medicines of TCM preparations.METHODS:The utilization of essential medicines of TCM preparations was analyzed statistically in 21 hospitals of Yancheng area in Jiangsu province during Oct.2015-Jun.2016.RESULTS:The utilization rate of essential medicines of TCM preparations was 66.82％ in first-level hospital,and 34.64％ in second-level hospitals and 12.50％ in third-level hospitals.Top 5 essential medicines of TCM preparations in the list of consumptions sum were all TCM injection,which were mainly used for promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis,invigorating qi,clearing away heat and toxic substances.Irrational use of essential medicines of TCM preparations included unsuitable usage and dosage,unsuitable solvent,drug use without indications.CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of essential medicines of TCM preparations are in good condition in 21 hospitals of Yancheng,but it is necessary to pay more attention to irrational use of them so as to promote safe and rational drug use.

In vitro simulation experimental study of a fully magnetically levitated ventricular assist device based on mock circulatory system / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the circulatory supporting effect of the third generation fully magnetically levitated China Heart ventricular assist device (CH-VAD) under heart failure (HF) condition.Methods An in vitro mock circulatory system (MCS) was developed.This system could simulate a healthy adult under resting state and a patient with heart failure,and incorporate the CH-VAD to evaluate the assisting performance under continuous flow mode.Furthermore,CH-VAD was equipped with a pulsatile flow controller and its initial performance was accessed.The pulsatile mode was obtained by using sinusoidal velocity waveform of the pump which synchronized the CH-VAD with the ventricle simulator of the MCS.Results CH-VAD under continuous flow mode could recover the hemodynamic parameters (arterial pressure and cardiac output) under HF condition to normal range.Preliminary pulsatile test results showed that amplitude of current pulse speed had a minor influence on the hemodynamic performance.CH-VAD under continuous flow and pulsatile flow mode could obtain comparable mean arterial pressure,systolic arterial pressure,diastolic arterial pressure and mean flow.Conclusions CH-VAD can generate a certain degree of speed pulse via appropriate pulsatility control,so as to provide sufficient support on ventricular function.Further optimization on pulsatile controller of CH-VAD is required to conform to natural physiology.The developed MCS can be utilized as an effective and controllable in vitro platform for design,optimization and verification of VADs or other mechanical circulatory support devices.

In vitro simulation experimental study of a fully magnetically levitated ventricular assist device based on mock circulatory system / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the circulatory supporting effect of the third generation fully magnetically levitated China Heart ventricular assist device (CH-VAD) under heart failure (HF) condition.Methods An in vitro mock circulatory system (MCS) was developed.This system could simulate a healthy adult under resting state and a patient with heart failure,and incorporate the CH-VAD to evaluate the assisting performance under continuous flow mode.Furthermore,CH-VAD was equipped with a pulsatile flow controller and its initial performance was accessed.The pulsatile mode was obtained by using sinusoidal velocity waveform of the pump which synchronized the CH-VAD with the ventricle simulator of the MCS.Results CH-VAD under continuous flow mode could recover the hemodynamic parameters (arterial pressure and cardiac output) under HF condition to normal range.Preliminary pulsatile test results showed that amplitude of current pulse speed had a minor influence on the hemodynamic performance.CH-VAD under continuous flow and pulsatile flow mode could obtain comparable mean arterial pressure,systolic arterial pressure,diastolic arterial pressure and mean flow.Conclusions CH-VAD can generate a certain degree of speed pulse via appropriate pulsatility control,so as to provide sufficient support on ventricular function.Further optimization on pulsatile controller of CH-VAD is required to conform to natural physiology.The developed MCS can be utilized as an effective and controllable in vitro platform for design,optimization and verification of VADs or other mechanical circulatory support devices.

Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii, var.neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii by multiplex PCR / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To establish a multiplex PCR targeting the intergenic spacer regions (IGS) for the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.Methods Primers were designed by using the software ClustalW2 and Oligo 6 based on the sequence of IGS1 region,which shows high sequence variability in the genome of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.,for the multiplex PCR.Then,the developed multiplex PCR was performed to identify 51 Cryptococcus neoformans strains representing genotypes VNI-VNIV and VNB as well as 41 Cryptococcus gattii strains representing genotypes VGI-VGIV.The identification results were compared with those from common PCR by using primers GPA1A,CLA4D and SODlgattii specific to Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,respectively,as well as with those from the canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) medium-based culture.Results The developed multiplex PCR successfully identified the 92 Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii.strains,and yielded negative results from the other tested pathogenic yeasts,which revealed a high specificity of the designed primers.False positive results were observed in the identification of two Cryptococcus gattii strains with GPA1A primer-based PCR,one Cryptococcus gattii strain with CLA4D primer-based PCR,one var.grubii strain and one var.neoformans strain with CGB culture,while no false negative results were observed in the detection of these Cryptococcus strains by any of these methods.Conclusions The developed multiplex PCR in this study can rapidly and accurately identify Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii,var.neoformans,AD hybrid,and Cryptococcus gattii,with superior performance in comparison with common PCR and CGB medium-based culture.

Species profiles of pathogens from 1366 superficial candidiasis cases in Shanghai / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyze the composition and distribution of pathogens from 1366 superficial candidiasis cases in Shanghai.Methods Candida species identification was carried out for 1366 adults or children with superficial candidiasis by using CHROMagar Candida plates,API20C AUX system,etc.Pal's agar,Xylose assimilation and the test for growth at 45 ℃ were utilized to differentiate Candida dubliniensis.Newly identified pathogenic Candida species including Candida orthopsilosis,Candida metapsilosis,Candida fermentati,Candida nivariensis and Candida bracarensis were differentiated by molecular biological methods.Finally,the composition and distribution of pathogens in superficial candidiasis cases were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 1366 Candida strains,included 2 Candida orthopsilosis strains and 4 Candida metapsilosis strains,were isolated from these cases.Among these isolates,Candida albicans predominated(79.0％),followed by Candida parapsilosis(9.5％),Candida tropicalis(2.9％)and Candida guilliermondii(1.9％).The composition of Candida species was significantly different between child and adult patients(x2 =196.46,P ＜ 0.01),with the isolation rate of non-albicans Candida species being 14.4％ and 45.8％ respectively in child and adult patients.Conclusions Candida albicans is still the dominant pathogen of superficial candidiasis.Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis can cause superficial candidiasis.The isolation rote of non-albicans Candida species is higher in adult patients than in child patients.

Rapid identification and sequence typing of genotype VG Ⅱ of Cryptococcus gattii / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To establish a PCR method for rapid identification and sequence typing of VG Ⅱ allele of the intergenic spacer region (IGS) of Cryptococcus gattii.Methods Since IGS1 was of high sequence variation,multiple alignments were conducted by ClustalX 2 in IGS1 of Cryptococcus gattii and Cryptococcus neoformans,and then primer sets specific to genotype VG Ⅱ was designed for PCR analysis.The specificity of the primer pair was detected by amplification of the other genotypes in Cryptococcus gattii,Cryptococcus neoformans,and other pathogenic yeasts.The amplified fragments from VG Ⅱ genotype were sequenced and subtyped.Results Using the PCR analysis developed in this study,all VG Ⅱ genotype strains tested were amplified,whereas no amplification was obtained from other genotypes or yeast species involved herein.Three polymorphic nucleotide sites at 72,79 and 104 bp in the fragment amplified could be used to distinguish sub-genotypes within VG Ⅱ genotype.Conclusions The PCR analysis developed in this study can be used for rapid identification of genotype VG Ⅱ of Cryptococcus gattii.The sequence typing based on the amplified fragment from IGS1 may be performed for screening the highly virulent sub-genotype VGⅡ a.

Multi-locus analysis of AD hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To identify the AD hybrid strains and its hybrid types within Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods Difierent hybrid types of AD strains were analyzed by PCR 0f STE20 and MF genes within MAT locus and CIA4 and GPal genes out of MAT locus.The PCR-RFLP analysis of g6341 gene was also performed.Results The mating types of 18 AD strains were precisely identified by PCR of STE20 gene,whereas those of H strain were not identified.CL44 gene was better than the GPal gene in PCR identification of the AD hybrids.In the RFLP analysis of g6341 gene,AD strains were grouped into 2 distinct RFLP patterns based on the mating type on serotype A allele.The mating types of AD strains were not identified by the molecular analyses based on the CL44,GPal and g6341 genes.Conclusion It is necessary to use multi-locus analyses of genes within and out of the MAT locus in precise identification of the AD strains and their hybrid types of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Subgenotyping analysis of pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To assess the subgenotypes of pathogenic Cryptococcus gattii isolates from China and to elucidate the epidemiological links between these domestic isolates and those from other parts of the world. Methods DNA was extracted from 9 clinical isolates of Ctyptococcus gattii from China. The partially variable regions of the three unlinked loci, namely IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1, were amplified and sequenced, and the bioinformation at these loci was obtained from GenBank for multi-locus sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of these 9 clinical isolates, 8 were genotype VG Ⅰ and mating type α with the same sequences at the tested regions as the reference strain WM276, which was a representative isolate of an independent subgenotype; 1 was of genotype VG Ⅱ and mating type α, which was the first report in China, with the tested sequences consistent with those of the referrence strain R272. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of GEF1 gene, which was located at mating type locus, successfully identified the genotypes and mating types of all the Cryptococcus gattii isolates involved here. Conclusions Multi-locus sequence analysis shows that causative Cryptococcus gattii isolates of genotype VG Ⅰ in China carry similar sequences at the tested loci in IGS1, PLB1 and GEF1 genes, to a widely distributed subgenotype in the world, and the sequences of the first VG Ⅱ genotype isolate from China resemble the less virulent subgenotype VG Ⅱ b found in Vancouver islands.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility of 80 Cryptococcus neoformans isolates / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To determine in vitro drug susceptibility to five antifungal agents of clinical Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from different areas of China in recent ten years. Methods Eighty clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were isolated from Shanghai, Guangdong, Fujian, Beijing and some other areas of China from 1998 to 2007. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the isolates to five antifungal agents, including amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole, were determined using broth microdilution procedure (document M27-A2) recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was employed for the statistical analysis. Results The MIC50 of the Cryptococcus neoforrnans isolates tested for amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, itraconazole and voriconazole were 0.5, 4, 2, 0.25 and ≤0.031 3 mg/L, respectively; and the MIC<,90> of the isolates tested for the above antifungal agents were 1, 8, 4, 0.5 and 0.062 5 mg/L, respectively. Among the tested isolates, 3 (3.8 %) were resistant to flucytosine, 4 (5.0 %) were resistant to itraconazole. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and voriconazole. There was no significant difference in MIC of the strains isolated from any particular years to the five agents (χ2=0.500,2.687,2.211, 2.660,0.677,P>0.05). Conclusions The Cryptococcusneoformans isolates are highly susceptible to the five antifungal agents, while a few strains are resistant to flucytosine or itraconazole. The drug susceptibilities of the strains isolated from particular years are similar.

The peptide containing the conserved sequence of HPV L1 was used in the detection of polyvalent HPV-positive clinical specimens / 肿瘤

Objective: To confirm that the antiserum induced by short peptide in the region of AA 448-477 at HPV16 L1 C-terminal can respond with many types of HPV L1. Methods: This sutdy synthesized a short peptide containing the conserved sequence of HPV L1 and immunized animal with the synthetic peptide to obtain the polyclonal antiserum. The type of HPV in clinical specimens, such as cervical cancer and condyloma acuminatum tissues, was identified by PCR. ELISA, Western blotting, and inummohistochemistry were used to determine whether the anti-serum of the short peptide could react with different types of HPV-positive specimens. Results: ELISA assay showed that the reaction between antigen and antibody was positive in HPV6, 11, 16, and 18 and other HPV-positive clinical specimens. Western blotting revealed that there was a strip at 56 kDa in all types of HPV-positive clinical specimens, but there was no strip in HPV-negative clinical specimens. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that the histological reaction had varying features in different clinical specimens. The positive-reaction appeared only in the epithelium tissues, which was regional and had apparent borders. Conclusion: This study confirms that the common conserved sequence really has HPV L1 common epitope. Its anti-serum can respond with many types of HPV L1. These findings provide an important basis for further researching a broad-spectrum HPV L1 vaccine or publicizing broad-spectrum HPV detection kits.

Analysis of the varieties,genotypes and mating types of 110 clinical cryptococcal isolates from China / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiology of clinical cryptococcal isolates from China by analyzing the constituents and distributions of the varieties,genotypes and mating types (MAT)of them.Methods (1)PCR fingerprinting and PCR amplification were performed by using the minisatellite-specific core sequence of wild-type phage M13 as single primer.Genotypes of the 110 cryptococcal isolates from China were assigned by comparison with the reference strains of the 8 major molecular types loaded on gel.(2)Identification of the varieties and mating types was carried out by PCR using the specific primers of the varieties and mating types.Results Of the 110 clinical cryptococcal isolates,strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var.grubii with genetype VNⅠ and mating type MATα were the most representative ones(89.1%)followed by strains of C.neoformans var.gattii(8.2%)including isolates of genotype VG I,mating type MATα(7.3%)and genotype VGⅡ,mating type MATα(0.9%);AD hybrids with the genotype VNⅢ,mating type MAT-/α and genotype VN Ⅲ,mating type MATα/-(1.8%);and isolate of C.neoformans var.neoformans with the genotype VNⅣ and mating type MATa(0.9%).Conclusion Of the clinical isolates from China,all three varieties and AD hybrids are found.The vast majority(>99%) of strains possess the α allele in MAT locus and most of them are C.neoformans vat.grubii with the genotype VN I,which accord with the data of most studies of clinical molecular epidemiology in other geographic areas.However.no genotype of VNⅡ.VGⅢ and VGⅣ isolates are found in this study.

Molecular identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in detection of the fragment of GEF1α/a gene which are both located at ct and a mating type loci in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex(Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii). Methods The GEF1α/a gene was selected from 20 genes which both located at α and a mating type loci for RFLP analysis, according to the requirements of sequence similarities and primer design in PCR-RFLP analysis. Primer pair was designed from the conserved regions of GEF1α/a genes of distinct genotypes and mating types of reference strains to amplify a fragment of GEF1α/a gene from Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii strains tested. Sequence alignment,restriction maps analysis, endonucleases selection and electrophoresis stimulation were conducted by using DNAMAN and Vector NTI software. EeoT14 Ⅰ and Hap Ⅱ endonucleases were selected for RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragments amplified from 125 isolates of Cryptococcns neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. Results An approximate 1 300 bp fragment was amplified from total 82 Cryptococcus neoformans and 43 Cryptoceccus gattii isolates. However, negative PCR results were found in the reference strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krnsei,Candida glabrata, Trichosporon asahii, Aspergillus fumigatns and Aspergillus flavus. RFLP analysis successfully identified the species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of total 125 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcns gattii tested in this study. Condusion PCR-RFLP analysis of the GEF1α/a fragment has the potential value in identification of species, varieties, genotypes and mating types of Cryptococeus neoformans species complex simultaneously and rapidly, and may be a useful tool in molecular epidemiological analysis.

Investigation on the Performance of Chlorine Dioxide Generators for Drinking Water Disinfection / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To preliminarily investigate the conditions of the performance of chlorine dioxide generator for drinking water disinfection and know the overall situation of the industry.Methods From 2007 to 2008,6 companies'products were chosen for this investigation according to certain rules,and their performance indicators,such as chlorine dioxide output and conversion rate were tested by using the Five-step iodimetry method.Results On-site generating technology was commonly used,and the average conversion rate of the compound type generator was 57.06%,and the pure type generator was 84.78%.Conclusion The conversion rate of the pure type generator is better than the compound type,and the newly invented pure type generator has much better performance and lower disinfection cost.

Risk factors of nurses' occupational adaptability / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore factors affecting occupational adaptability in nurses for offering basis to increase their occupational adaptability.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five hundred and forty-five nurses were investigated with work ability index questionnaire and occupational stress instruments.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were many risk factors affecting occupational adaptability in nurses. The main variables that influenced occupational adaptability included work-overtime, mental load, social support, physical environment, and job hazards. The social support was the factor increasing the occupational adaptability of the nurses (P < 0.01, OR = 0.912). Five factors including work overtime, mental load, social support, physical environment and job hazards were introduced in the Logistic equation. The established functions were: Logit (P) = -11.357 + 1.011x(1) + 0.335x(2) - 0.076x(3) + 0.260x(4) + 0.129x(5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are many risk factors affecting occupational adaptability in nurses. Relevant measures should be taken to promote the occupational adaptability in nurses to reduce the risk factors.</p>

Thirty-Eight Children with Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical and pathologic features of Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH).Method Thirty-eight cases of LCH from both in hospital and outpatient department in dermatology and pediatry department from Jan.1991 to Jun.2006 were analyzed about the features of clinic,pathology and immunohistochemistry.Results The mean age of onset was 2.18 years old.The male /female ratio was 1.71.Skin lesions occurred in 78.9% of the patients.Among them,68.5% were as the first manifestation.The eruptions mainly distributed on trunk,90% of them presented as hemorrhagic maculopapules,nevertheless,3.3% of the eruptions showed as crust with hilar depression,which was similar to pityriasis lichenoides etvarioliformis acuta.Fever,hepatomegalia and splenomegia occurred in patients at a rate of 60.5%,68.4%,55.3% respectively.Thirty-one point six percent of the patients had got lymphadenectasis,the neck and inguinal lymph nodes were the common site to be affected.Ossature involvement occurred in 31.6% of the patients,which 8.3% got multiple injuries,howe-ver,91.7% got a solitary bone involved.Skull was the main site to be injured,else were lumbar,humerus,hipbone,an so on.Respiratory tract,auditory canal,mucosa were also the sites involved in this disease,but the incidence rate was lower than 10%,respectively.The laboratory data showed that 81.3% of the patients were anaemia,60.7% with abnormal subgroup of T-cell,and 32.1% positive for EBV-IgG.The skin histopathology data of 26/30 cases revealed that lichenoid infiltrates of Langerhans cells confined to the upper dermis.Cytologic features were cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasms,and longitudinally grooved or reniform nuclei.Lymphocytes and a few eosinophils also could be seen.Four cases of thirty showed that the proliferative Langerhans cells were with pale cytoplasms,besides,there were numerous eosinophils,and sometimes a few multinucleate cells were scattered.The immunity test of 20 cases of thirty displayed that CD1a(+)S100(+)KP-1(-).Biopsy of lymphaden and tumor of the skull of the rest 8 patients were all diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma through both hematoxylin and eosin-stained section and immune marks.Conclusions Multiple systems can be involved in LCH.Hemorrhagic maculopapules,fever and splenohepatomegalia are common presentations in this disease.The morphous of nucles of histiocytes is particular,and to diagnose definitely,both CD1a(+) and S-100(+) are needed.

Removal of Excessive Arsenic From Drinking Water by Electric Absorb Technology / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To control the hazardous effects of excessive arsenic in drinking water on human health. Methods The experiment on the removal of excessive arsenic from drinking water by electric absorb technology (EST) was performed. Results The pilot experiment and experiment in situ showed that, after treatment by EST, the contents of arsenic in source water(0.06-0.33 mg/L) decreased to the levels of